25 Years of Transformations of Higher Education Systems in Post-Soviet Countries : Reform and Continuity.

Intro -- Dedication -- Preface: Challenges and Advantages of Exploring Post-Soviet Higher Education -- Acknowledgements -- Postscript -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Transformation of Higher Education Institutional Landscape in Post-Soviet Countries: From Soviet Model to Where? -- Introduction -- The Conceptual Approach and Research Design -- The Point of Departure: Soviet Higher Education System -- The 25 Years of Changes: Higher Education Reforms and Contexts -- Marketization -- Admissions Reform: Introduction of National Standardized Tests -- Bologna Reforms -- Internationalization -- International Assistance -- Summary of Reforms -- Landscape Changes -- The Drivers of the Landscape Changes -- The Role of Governments -- Structure of the Book -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Common Legacy: Evolution of the Institutional Landscape of Soviet Higher Education -- Starting Point: The Higher Education Landscape Before the Revolution -- In Search of a Perfect Design: From "Utopia" to Real Socialism-1917-1928 -- Tuning the Machine 1928-1940 -- From Development to Stagnation 1940-1991 -- Higher Education in the Republics -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Armenia: Transformational Peculiarities of the Soviet and Post-Soviet Higher Education System -- Introduction -- The Soviet Model of Institutional Diversity in Armenia -- Post-Soviet Transformations -- HE Landscape in Armenia: Current State of Affairs -- Bologna Reforms -- Legal and Regulatory Developments -- Funding -- New Admissions Policy -- Classification and Ranking of HEIs -- Organisational Interrelationships -- Classification of HEIs 2014-2015 -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Higher Education Transformation, Institutional Diversity and Typology of Higher Education Institutions in Azerbaijan -- Introduction.

Higher Education Since Independence -- Europeanisation and Internationalisation of Higher Education -- Governance of Higher Education: Role of the State -- Higher Education and Research -- Higher Education Landscape in Azerbaijan -- Current Institutional Typology -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Belarus: Higher Education Dynamics and Institutional Landscape -- The HE System Within the Soviet Context -- Changes in the Higher Education System in Post-­Soviet Belarus: Slow Evolution Under State Control -- The HE Institutional Landscape in Contemporary Belarus -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Inverted U-shape of Estonian Higher Education: Post-Socialist Liberalism and Postpostsocialist Consolidation -- Introduction -- Estonian Higher Education Before the Soviet Period -- Soviet Period -- Reforms and Changes from the End of the 1980s -- Upward Curve: Chaotic Liberalisation -- Reaching the Turning Point: Expand, Then Regulate -- Rapid Decline: Reform, Then Consolidate -- Shrinking but Stable: Compete, Then Sustain, Then Excel? -- The Story of the Inverted U: Expansion and Vertical Differentiation of Estonian Higher Education -- Conclusion: Post-Postsocialism Arrived -- Annex 1 -- Annex 2 -- References -- Chapter 7: Georgia: Higher Education System Dynamics and Institutional Diversity -- Higher Education in Georgia at the Time of Independence -- Framework for Classification of Higher Education Institutional Landscape in Georgia -- Overview of Socioeconomic and Political Developments -- Higher Education System Development: An Overview Before 2005 -- Privatisation and Ownership of HEIs -- Governance of Higher Education -- Rank and Prestige of Georgian HEIs -- Disciplinary Diversification of Georgian HE -- Developments After 2005 -- Accreditation and Quality Assurance -- Admissions Exams -- Funding -- Conclusions -- References.

Chapter 8: Looking at Kazakhstan's Higher Education Landscape: From Transition to Transformation Between 1920 and 2015 -- The Foundations: Kazakhstan's Soviet Higher Education Legacy -- The Early Years: Higher Education Reform in the 1990s -- The Privatisation of HE and the Modernisation of HE: The 2000s -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Institutional Strategies of Higher Education Reform in Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan: Differentiating to Survive Between State and Market -- Introduction -- The Development of Higher Education in the Kirgiz Soviet Socialist Republic -- Independence and New Patterns of Differentiation and Diversification in Higher Education -- The Bologna Process: An External Driver of Diversification in Kyrgyz Higher Education -- Forces and Factors of Vertical Differentiation -- The National Scholarship Test for University Admission -- Commodification and Marketization: The Influence of Competition on Student Enrollments -- The Higher Education Landscape in Contemporary Kyrgyzstan -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Latvia: A Historical Analysis of Transformation and Diversification of the Higher Education System -- The Soviet Higher Education Landscape in Latvia -- Transformation of the Higher Education Sector Since 1990 -- Private Higher Education Institutions -- Student Enrolment -- Legislation Regarding the Higher Education System -- Language of Instruction and Internationalisation -- Factors of Diversification -- Typology of Higher Education Institutions in Latvia -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Lithuanian Higher Education: Between Path Dependence and Change -- Introduction -- Emergence of the Higher Education System in Lithuania -- Lithuanian Higher Education Before 1940 -- Lithuanian Higher Education During the Soviet Period (1940-1941 and 1944-1990) -- Lithuanian Higher Education in 1990.

Policy Developments and Other Factors Influencing Structural Change in Lithuanian Higher Education After 1990 -- Years 1990-2000: Regained Autonomy and Sporadic Expansion -- Years 2001-2009: The Main System Expansion and EU Accession -- After 2009: Increasing Competition, Demographic Decline and Internationalization -- The Higher Education Landscape in Contemporary Lithuania -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Moldova: Institutions Under Stress-The Past, the Present and the Future of Moldova's Higher Education System -- Introduction -- The Republic of Moldova -- Higher Education in the MSSR -- Transformation of the Higher Education System in the Republic of Moldova -- Structure, Change and Continuity of the Higher Education System in Moldova -- Degree Structure -- Classification of HEIs -- Admission to Higher Education -- The Development of the Public and Private HE Sector -- Differentiation of HEIs Based on Research Activity -- International Cooperation -- Typology of HEIs in the Republic of Moldova in 2015 -- Forces Affecting the Development of the HES in Moldova -- Political Will to Break with the Soviet Past and Orientation Towards Romanian and European Models -- Demands for New Skills (e.g. in Business, Economics, Political Science) and Shifting Employment Prospects -- Maintained Public Funding for Education -- Demography, Stricter Admission Requirements and Attractive Alternatives Lead to Declining Student Numbers -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Russia: The Institutional Landscape of Russian Higher Education -- Introduction -- The Higher Education Landscape in Soviet Russia -- Major Changes in Higher Education Under New Conditions -- Shift in Demand for Educational Fields -- Massification -- Private Sector and Cost-Sharing -- Higher Education Governance and Reforms -- Governance Structure -- Higher Education and Science.

Bologna Process -- Admission: National State Examination -- Normative Types of HEIs in Russia -- Leading University Programmes -- Post-massification: Quality and Performance -- Current Higher Education System Landscape in Russia -- Approach, Sample and Data -- Empirical Results -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14: Higher Education in Tajikistan: Institutional Landscape and Key Policy Developments -- The Soviet Legacy and a System of Higher Education at the Time of Independence -- Changes in the Higher Education Landscape: Rise of the Universities -- "Branching-In," "Branching-Out" and the Growth of Institutes in a Changing Landscape -- University Status and University Autonomy: The Case of Tajik National University -- Key Education Policy Issues and Challenges -- Conclusion -- References -- Websites (2015) of the Universities -- Chapter 15: The Transformation of Higher Education in Turkmenistan: Continuity and Change -- Introduction -- Soviet Era Education -- First Years of Independence: Closing "Borders" -- From 2007 to the Present: From Isolation to Participation? -- Current Institutional Landscape in Higher Education -- Conclusion -- References -- Electronic Sources -- Chapter 16: Ukraine: Higher Education Reforms and Dynamics of the Institutional Landscape -- Introduction -- Brief Historical Overview of the Pre-Soviet HE System in Ukraine1 -- Ukrainian Higher Education System Between 1940 and 1990 -- Changes in the HE System Since Ukraine's Independence: Policy, Practice and Agency -- Nation and State Building -- Comparison and Critique -- Catch-Up Europeanisation -- The Law on Higher Education (2014) and the Most Recent Changes in the Institutional Landscape -- Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Chapter 17: Uzbekistan: Higher Education Reforms and the Changing Landscape Since Independence -- Introduction.

Uzbekistan's General Approach to Economic Reforms.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2023. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.