Remedies Against Immunity? : Reconciling International and Domestic Law after the Italian Constitutional Court's Sentenza 238/2014.

Remedies against Immunity? -- Acknowledgements -- RemediesagainstImmunity? -- Contents -- Contributors -- Selected Cases -- Abbreviations -- Part I: Introduction -- Reconciling State Immunity with Remedies for War Victims in a Legal Pluriverse -- I. Introduction -- II. Sentenza 238/2014: The Culmination of a Judicial Saga -- 1. The Historical Background -- 2. The Italian Corte di Cassazione and the Ferrini and Milde Judgments -- 3. The ICJ and the Jurisdictional Immunity Judgment -- 4. The Italian Constitutional Court and Sentenza 238/2014 -- III. Immunity and Human Rights-Based Exceptions -- IV. Reparation for Gross Human Rights Violations and War Crimes -- V. The Interplay Between International and Domestic Law -- 1. Sentenza 238/2014 in the Line of Resistance of Domestic Courts Against International Judgments -- 2. A Plea for a Pluralisme Ordonn�e -- VI. A `Modest Proposal� -- Post (Personal) Scriptum -- Valentina Volpe -- References -- Part II: Immunity -- Right of Access to (Italian) Courts �uber alles? Legal Implications Beyond Germany�s Jurisdictional Immunity -- I. Introduction -- II. The Impact of Judgment 238/2014 on the Italian Government As Regards the Recognition of Immunity -- III. A `Containment Strategy�?: Immunity from Jurisdiction and Immunity from Execution -- IV. Beyond State Immunity: The Criteria for Establishing the Jurisdiction of Italian Judges -- V. Judgment 238/2014 and Its Silences: An Interstate Agreement on Compensation As an Alternative to Individual Access to Itali... -- VI. Conclusion -- References -- The Illusion of Perfect Justice -- I. Preliminary Observations -- II. The Surprise: Silence on the Main Issues -- III. Challenge to a Foundational Rule of International Law -- IV. Jurisdictional Immunity: An Essential Structural Element of International Law -- V. The Different Methods of Reparation.

VI. The Impossibility of Reparation of War Damages by Individual Actions -- VII. The Hard Task of Seeking an Equitable Peace Settlement -- VIII. Looking to the Future -- References -- Sentenza 238/2014: A Good Case for Law-Reform? -- I. Introduction: A Case for Law-Reform? -- II. Adverse Effects -- 1. Incurring State Responsibility -- 2. Preserving Judicial Authority Through Legitimizing Strategies? -- 3. Change `Desired by Many�?: Highly Contested Exceptions to Immunities -- 4. Creating False Promises: Human Rights Exceptions to Immunities from Execution? -- III. Generalizable Standards: Towards an Obligation to Provide for Individual Reparation in Cases of Mass Atrocities? -- IV. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part III: Remedies -- A Plea for Legal Peace -- I. Introduction -- II. Confrontation and Mutual Neglect Versus Legal Peace -- III. Why the French Railroad Deportees and Not IMIs? -- IV. North American Remedies Against Immunities -- V. Conclusion -- References -- A Story of `Trials and Errors� That Might Have No Happy End -- I. The Complexity of the Reconciliation Task -- II. Academic Diplomacy as a Supplement to Governmental and Judicial Dialogues -- III. Moral Responsibility and Legal Liability -- IV. The Imperfect Lump Sum Agreements of 1961 -- V. Fundamental Legal Changes Since 1961 -- VI. A Belated Solidarity -- 1. Territorial and Personal Scope of Solidarity -- 2. Calculation of the Reparation -- 3. Financing -- VII. The Proper Use of Supreme Principles as Part of the `Constitutional Identity� -- References -- State Immunity, Individual Compensation for Victims of Human Rights Crimes, and Future Prospects -- I. Introduction -- II. Compensation, Immunity and Human Rights -- 1. Compensation Agreements and German Compensation Law After World War II -- 2. Immunity As a Part of the System.

3. A Human Rights Perspective on Sentenza 238/2014 -- III. The Individualization of Claims Under International Law -- IV. Prospects for Future Regimes of Compensation and Reconciliation -- V. Conclusions -- VI. Epilogue -- References -- Sketches for a Reparation Scheme: How Could a German-Italian Fund for the IMIs Work? -- I. Introduction -- II. Next of Kin: The RRF Foundation -- III. DART: The Australian Solution -- IV. Other Compensation Schemes -- 1. Eritrea/Ethiopia -- 2. Iraq/Kuwait Reparations -- 3. Comfort Women -- 4. The US/France Agreements on Banks and Railroad Deportees -- a) The 2001 Banks Agreement -- b) The 2014 Railroad Deportees Agreement -- V. A Ten-Step Sketch of a Future German-Italian Joint Scheme -- 1. Reparation or Compensation -- 2. Funding -- 3. The Amount Paid to Each Victim -- 4. The Management of the Fund and the Organs Overseeing Its Distribution -- 5. The Eligibility Criteria -- 6. The Treatment of Heirs -- 7. The Standard and Burden of Proof -- 8. The Involvement of Victims -- 9. Legal Peace -- 10. Speed -- References -- Part IV: European Perspectives -- Waiting for Negotiations: An Italian Way to Get Out of the Deadlock -- I. The EU Membership of Italy and Germany: Is It Relevant? -- II. At What Stage of Development is the EU�s Law on State Immunity? -- III. Techniques of Dialogue Between Judges at the European Level: What Lessons Can We Learn? -- IV. The Existence of Alternative Means of Dispute Settlement and a Reasonable Way to Award Redress to the Victims -- V. Conclusions -- References -- Sentenza 238/2014: EU Law and EU Values -- I. Introduction -- II. Implications for EU Law -- III. The Suggestions Provided by EU Law -- IV. Law and Negotiations -- Reference -- The Consequences of Sentenza 238/2014: What to Do Now? -- I. Introduction -- II. Techniques of Judicial Dialogue.

III. Possible Ways to Solve the Conflict Between Germany and Italy -- References -- Would the World Be a Better Place If One Were to Adopt a European Approach to State Immunity? Or, `Soll am Europ�aischen Wesen ... -- I. Introduction -- II. Enforcing Foreign Judgments That Have Not Respected State Immunity -- 1. The Hague Conference on Private International Law -- 2. Brussels Ia Regulation -- III. Regional European Customary Law on State Immunity? -- IV. Possible Legal Implications of the Jurisprudence of the Italian Constitutional Court for European Military Operations -- V. Further Perspectives Beyond Sentenza 238/2014 -- References -- Part V: Courts -- A Dangerous Last Line of Defence: Or, A Roman Court Goes Lutheran -- I. Introduction -- II. Immunity and Grave Breaches of International Law: The State of Play in Late 2014 -- III. Judgment 238/2014 of 22 October 2014: Changing Tack -- IV. A Clever Move and Its Implications -- V. `Here I Stand, I Can Do No Other�: A Problematic Last Line of Defence -- VI. Concluding Thoughts -- References -- Teaching the World Court Makes a Bad Case: Revisiting the Relationship Between Domestic Courts and the ICJ -- I. Introduction -- II. The Dual Role of Domestic Courts at the Intersection of Legal Orders -- 1. Domestic Courts as Law Enforcers -- 2. Domestic Courts as `Gate-Keepers� -- III. Which Role for Courts at the Intersection of Legal Orders? -- IV. Conclusion -- References -- Between Cynicism and Idealism: Is the Italian Constitutional Court Passing the Buck to the Italian Judiciary? -- I. Introduction -- II. Attempts by Italian Courts to Cope with the Contrasting Obligations Stemming from International and Domestic Law -- III. Issues to Be Decided by the Italian Courts -- 1. Who Can Bring a Claim and Who Is a Victim? -- 2. Time Frame for Reparation Obligations -- 3. Type of Reparation.

4. Implications of the Italian Decisions -- a) Precedential Effects -- b) Forum Shopping (Universal Jurisdiction) -- IV. Enforcing a Successful Adjudication: The Constitutional Court Versus `the Last Bastion of State Immunity�? -- V. The Compatibility of a Reparation Scheme with the Italian Constitution -- VI. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part VI: Negotiations -- Deadlocked in Dualism: Negotiating for a Final Settlement -- I. Jurisdictional Immunities, or a Formally Strong German Position -- II. Trapped in Contradictions, or the Ambivalence of Dualism -- III. Germany and the Law and Politics of History -- IV. Unsettling Settlements: Growing Discontent -- V. Unmaking History: Possible Solutions -- References -- Moving Beyond Judicial Conflict in the Name of the Pre-Eminence of Fundamental Human Rights -- I. Introduction -- II. Quid Iuris or Quid Iustum? -- III. The Right to an Effective Judicial Protection -- IV. Conclusion -- Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Italian Concerns Between Constitutional Rights and International Law -- I. Introduction -- II. The Stalemate Between International and Domestic Law -- III. You Cannot Have Your Cake and Eat It -- IV. Conclusion -- References -- Overcoming the Judicial Conundrum: The Road to a Diplomatic Solution -- I. Introduction -- II. The German Position -- III. The Italian Position -- IV. Conclusion -- References -- Part VII: The Past and Future of Remedies -- Recollections of a Judge -- I. Introduction -- II. Reasons for Dissent -- 1. Procedural -- 2. Factual -- 3. Constitutional -- 4. Theoretical -- 5. Strategic -- III. Ex Post Remarks -- IV. Italian Ambiguities Towards Fascism -- References -- A Dialogical Epilogue -- General Questions -- Paolo Palchetti -- Christian Tomuschat -- Alessandro Bufalini -- Giovanni Boggero and Karin Oellers-Frahm -- Francesco Francioni -- Specific Questions.

To Paolo Palchetti.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2023. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.