Figurative Language - Intersubjectivity and Usage.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (456 pages)
- Figurative Thought and Language Series ; v.11 .
- Figurative Thought and Language Series .
Intro -- Figurative Language - Intersubjectivity and Usage -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- Acknowledgements -- List of contributors -- Introduction. Figurative language: Intersubjectivity and usage -- 1. Figurative language, intersubjectivity and usage -- 2. Social and empirical turn in figurativity research -- 3. Overview of the sections and contributions -- 3.1 Part one. Intersubjectivity and interaction -- 3.2 Part two. Mechanisms and processes -- 3.3 Part three. Usage and variation -- References -- Part I. Intersubjectivity and interaction -- Second-order empathy, pragmatic ambiguity, and irony -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Demarcations -- 3. Ambiguities -- 3.1 Referential ambiguity -- 3.2 Speech-act-related ambiguity -- 3.3 Sociocommunicative ambiguity -- 3.4 Non-verbal empathic ambiguity -- 4. Representatives -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Desiderata for metaphor theory, the Motivation & -- Sedimentation Model and motion-emotion metaphoremes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Five desiderata for a contemporary theory of metaphor -- 2.1 Combining communication and cognition -- 2.2 Combining the universal and the culture-specific -- 2.3 Combining stable and dynamic aspects -- 2.4 Metaphors across semiotic systems -- 2.5 Explicit theoretical and operational definitions -- 2.6 Summary -- 3. Metaphor within the Motivation & -- Sedimentation Model -- 4. Comparing motion-emotion metaphoremes across languages -- 4.1 General considerations -- 4.2 Methodology -- 4.3 Results -- 4.4 Summary -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Appendix -- Evaluating metaphor accounts via their pragmatic effects -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Metaphor accounts -- 2.1 Similarity -- 2.2 Categorization -- 2.3 Conceptual metaphor -- 2.4 Blending -- 2.5 Embodied simulation. 3. Varyingly structured metaphors -- 4. Predictions of metaphor accounts -- 4.1 Similarity predictions -- 4.2 Categorization predictions -- 4.3 Conceptual metaphor predictions -- 4.4 Blending predictions -- 4.5 Embodied simulation predictions -- 5. Experiments -- 5.1 Participants -- 5.2 Materials -- 5.3 Results -- 5.5 Discussion -- References -- Appendix. Contexts and utterances used in the Experiments -- The multimodal negotiation of irony and humor in interaction: On the role of eye gaze in joint pretense -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Irony and humor in interaction -- 3. Eye gaze in interaction -- 4. Eye gaze and interactional humor -- 5. Research questions and data set -- 6. A micro-analysis of selected sequences -- 7. Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part II. Mechanisms and processes -- Metaphor and irony: Messy when mixed -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Examples of irony/metaphor mixing -- 2.1 Some examples suitable for irony-upon-metaphor -- 2.2 An example suitable for metaphor-upon-irony -- 3. A (non-fatal) problem with metaphor-upon-irony analyses -- 3.1 The potential and cost of metaphor-upon-irony analysis -- 3.2 Pasta and siestas revisited -- 3.3 A middle way -- 4. The ironicity-first processing strategy -- 5. Further discussion: When other analyses are appropriate -- 5.1 Contrast-imbued analogy and metaphor -- 5.2 Parallel versus serial mixing of irony and metaphor -- 5.3 Metaphor within attitude-wrapped irony -- 5.4 Hyperbole in metaphor/irony mixtures -- 6. Summary and conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Funding -- References -- Metonymic indeterminacy and metalepsis: Getting two (or more) targets for the price of one vehicle -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Metonymic interaction: Chains and tiers -- 3. Metonymic indeterminacy -- 3.1 Sylleptic and complementary metonymies -- 3.2 Metonymy and metalepsis. 3.3 Multiple metonymic targets -- 4. Recapitulation and concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- Funding -- References -- On verbal and situational irony: Towards a unified approach -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Verbal irony -- 2.1 Pretense versus echo -- 2.2 Verbal irony as a clash between scenarios -- 2.3 Pretended agreement -- 2.4 Chained reasoning schemas in verbal irony -- 3. Situational irony -- 3.1 Previous accounts of situational irony -- 3.2 The epistemic scenario -- 3.3 Chained reasoning schemas in situational irony -- 4. The unified approach: A common framework for verbal and situational irony -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Funding -- References -- On figurative ambiguity, marking, and low-salience meanings -- 1. Introduction - disambiguation vs. ambiguation -- 2. The phenomenon of marking multiple meanings -- 2.1 Why ambiguation?: Why marking? -- 2.2 Is ambiguation the same as punning? -- 2.3 Does ambiguation always involve a figurative meaning and a literal meaning? -- 3. Ambiguity processing models and their predictions for marked ambiguity -- 3.1 Which meanings benefit from marking? -- 3.2 The Low-Salience Marking Hypothesis -- 4. Experiments -- 4.1 Experiment 1 - an offline study -- 4.2 Experiment 2 - an online study -- 5. General discussion -- Acknowledgements -- Funding -- References -- Appendix -- Part III. Usage and variation -- Metaphor, metonymy and polysemy: A historical perspective -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The semantic history of dull -- 3. The emergence of the sense 'not bright' -- 4. Motivation for the meaning 'not sharp' -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Appendix. Abridged OED2 entry for dull -- Dull, adj -- Psycholinguistic approaches to figuration -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Meaning activation and cross-modal priming -- 2.1 Investigating figurative processing using cross-modal priming. 2.2 Interacting variables in idiom processing -- 2.3 Cross-modal priming and metaphor processing -- 2.4 Other approaches to priming in the study of figurative language -- 3. Resolving meaning in context: The use of eye-tracking -- 3.1 Eye-tracking and the 'idiom superiority effect' -- 3.2 Figurative vs. literal meaning in idiom processing -- 3.3 Eye-tracking and the processing of metaphor and metonymy -- 3.4 Individual differences in the processing of figurative language -- 3.5 The importance of familiarity and conventionalization in figurative processing -- 3.6 Eye-tracking in other contexts -- 4. Conclusions -- 4.1 Implications for theories of figurative processing -- References -- Appendix. List of experimental studies -- The fabric of metaphor in discourse: Interweaving cognition and discourse in figurative language -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Concepts and units of analysis of metaphor in use -- 3. Online and off-line levels of metaphor in use -- 4. Exploring local mappings in a metaphor niche -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Sources of verbal humor in the lexicon: A usage-based perspective on incongruity -- 1. Introductory remarks on investigating verbal humor in the lexicon -- 2. Nominal compounds and the humorousness of metaphor -- 3. Verbal humor in the French and Italian lexicon -- 4. Reinterpreting incongruity from a usage-based perspective: A semiotic typology -- I. Conceptual aspects as a source of verbal humor -- II. The signified as a source of verbal humor -- III. The signifier as a source of verbal humor -- IV. The phonic or graphic realization of the sequence of signs as a source of verbal humor -- V. Verbal humor related to the referent (and the target concept) -- VI. Pragmatic factors of verbal humor that are related to speaker-hearer interaction -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References. Measuring the impact of (non)figurativity in the cultural conceptualization of emotions in the two main national varieties of Portuguese -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Cultural variability of anger and pride and cultural differences between Portugal and Brazil -- 3. Corpus data and methodology -- 3.1 Data -- 3.2 Multifactorial usage-feature and profile analysis -- 3.3 Conceptual metaphors and the profile-based approach -- 3.4 Multivariate quantitative methods -- 4. Results -- 4.1 Multiple correspondence analysis: Feature clusters of anger and pride -- 4.2 Logistic regression analysis: anger and pride features predicting EP and BP varieties -- 4.3 Multiple correspondence analysis: Profiles of anger and pride metaphors -- 4.4 Logistic regression analysis: anger and pride metaphors predicting EP and BP varieties -- 5. Conclusions -- Funding -- References -- Index.
9789027260031
Figures of speech--Congresses. Cognitive grammar--Congresses.