Seed Science and Technology : Biology, Production, Quality.

By: Dadlani, MalavikaContributor(s): Yadava, Devendra KMaterial type: TextTextPublisher: Singapore : Springer, 2023Copyright date: �2023Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (440 pages)Content type: text Media type: computer Carrier type: online resourceISBN: 9789811958885Genre/Form: Electronic books.Additional physical formats: Print version:: Seed Science and TechnologyLOC classification: QK710-899Online resources: Click to View
Contents:
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Seed Quality: Variety Development to Planting-An Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Seed Development -- 3 System of Variety Development, Release, and Notification -- 4 Seed Production -- 5 Variety Maintenance/Maintenance Breeding -- 6 Seed Quality -- 6.1 Physical Quality -- 6.2 Genetic Purity -- 6.3 Physiological Quality -- 6.4 Seed Health -- 7 Factors Influencing Seed Quality -- 8 Seed Quality Assurance -- 9 Seed Certification and Quality Testing -- 10 Role of International Organizations -- 11 Seed Quality Maintenance -- 12 Seed Quality Upgradation -- 13 Genetic Improvement for Seed Quality -- 14 Seed Quality Enhancement -- 15 Scope of Molecular Technologies -- References -- Seed Development and Maturation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Double Fertilization -- 3 Embryogenesis -- 3.1 Embryogenesis in Monocot -- 3.2 Embryogenesis in Dicot -- 4 Acquisition of Desiccation Tolerance During Seed Maturation -- 5 Seed Development and Maturation in Relevance to Seed Quality -- 5.1 Hormonal Regulation of Seed Development and Maturation -- 6 Physiological Maturity, Mass Maturity and Harvest Maturity -- 6.1 Seed Maturity Indices in Relation to Harvest Maturity -- 6.2 Trackable Parameters During Seed Development and Maturation -- 6.2.1 Seed Moisture Content -- 6.2.2 Seed Size -- 6.2.3 Seed Dry Weight -- 6.2.4 Germination -- 6.2.5 Vigour -- 6.3 Chlorophyll Fluorescence (CF) Sorting vis-�a-vis Seed Maturation -- 6.4 External Factors Affecting Seed Development and Maturation -- 6.4.1 Soil Fertility -- 6.4.2 Water -- 6.4.3 Temperature -- 6.4.4 Light -- 6.4.5 Seed Position on the Plant -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Seed Dormancy and Regulation of Germination -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Seed Dormancy -- 2.1 Definition -- 2.2 Classification of Seed Dormancy -- 2.2.1 Morphological Dormancy -- 2.2.2 Physiological Dormancy.
2.2.3 Physical Dormancy -- 2.2.4 Combinational Dormancy -- 2.3 Types of Seed Dormancy in Legumes and Cereals -- 2.4 Induction of Dormancy -- 2.4.1 Primary Dormancy -- 2.4.2 Secondary Dormancy -- 2.5 Phytochrome and Seed Dormancy vs. Germination -- 2.6 Methods to Release Dormancy -- 2.6.1 Scarification -- 2.6.2 Stratification -- 2.6.3 Leaching of Metabolites (Inhibitors) -- 2.6.4 Treating Seed with Chemical Activators and Growth Hormones -- 3 Seed Germination -- 3.1 Morphology of Seed Germination -- 3.2 Metabolic Processes During Seed Germination -- 3.2.1 Hydrolytic Enzymes and Seed Germination -- 3.2.2 Hydrolysis of Starch -- 3.2.3 Hydrolysis of Proteins -- 3.2.4 Hydrolysis of Lipids -- 3.2.5 Hydrolysis of Phytic Acid -- 3.3 ROS Function -- 3.4 Nitrogenous Compounds and Seed Germination -- 3.5 Mobilisation of Reserve Food Material -- 3.6 Hormone Metabolism and Signalling -- 3.7 Ethylene and Other Growth Regulators -- 3.8 Environmental Factors Influencing Seed Germination -- 4 Conclusions and Future Thrust Areas -- References -- Seed Vigour and Invigoration -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Definitions of Seed Vigour -- 2 Factors Affecting Seed Vigour -- 2.1 Acquisition of Seed Vigour and Seed Maturity -- 2.2 Environment -- 2.3 Seed Size -- 2.4 Seed Reserves -- 2.5 Positional Effect -- 2.6 Seed Coat and Imbibition Damage -- 2.7 Seed Ageing and Storage -- 2.8 Seed Processing -- 2.9 Physical Sanitation Treatment -- 2.10 Genetic Variation -- 3 Seed Vigour Assessment -- 3.1 Seed Vigour Tests -- 3.1.1 Seed Size/Density -- 3.1.2 Performance-Based Tests -- 3.1.3 Stress Tests -- 3.1.4 Physiological and Biochemical Tests -- 3.2 Some Novel Methods of Vigour Assessment -- 4 Seed Invigoration -- 4.1 Effect of Seed Priming -- 4.1.1 Biophysical and Structural Changes -- 4.1.2 Cellular and Metabolic Changes -- 4.1.3 Physiological and Biochemical Changes.
4.1.4 Stress Resistance -- 4.2 Storage of Primed Seeds -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Seed Longevity and Deterioration -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Seed Factors -- 2.1 Role of Chemical Protectants in Various Tissues -- 2.2 Role of Hormones -- 3 Storage Factors -- 3.1 Moisture Content, Water Activity or Equilibrium Relative Humidity -- 3.1.1 Glassy or Liquid Cytoplasm -- 3.2 Temperature -- 3.3 Oxygen -- 3.4 Pests and Pathogens -- 4 Modelling Seed Ageing -- 5 Estimating Seed Longevity -- 6 Types and Causes of Seed Deterioration -- 7 Repair Mechanisms -- 8 Storability of Recalcitrant Seeds -- References -- Principles of Quality Seed Production -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Variety Release and Seed Certification -- 3 Generation Scheme of Seed Multiplication -- 4 Genetic Deterioration in Crop Varieties -- 4.1 Genotypic Constitution and Pollination Behaviour -- 4.2 Developmental Variation -- 4.3 Mechanical Mixtures -- 4.4 Natural Out-Crossing -- 4.5 Influence of Pests and Diseases -- 4.6 Genetic Drift -- 4.7 Minor Genetic Variations and Pre-mature Release of Varieties -- 5 Principles of Quality Seed Production -- 5.1 Genetic Principles of Seed Production -- 5.1.1 Maintenance Breeding -- 5.1.2 Confirmation of the Seed Source -- 5.1.3 Previous Cropping History -- 5.1.4 Isolation Requirement -- Isolation in Time -- Isolation by Distance -- Isolation by Barrier -- 5.1.5 Compact Area Approach -- 5.1.6 Discarding the Peripheral Strip -- 5.2 Agronomic Principles of Seed Production -- 5.2.1 Selection of the Agro-Climatic Region -- 5.2.2 Field Preparation -- 5.2.3 Selection of a Variety -- 5.2.4 Seeding and Stand Establishment -- 5.2.5 Roguing of the Seed Crop -- 5.2.6 Weed Control -- 5.2.7 Disease and Insect Control -- 5.2.8 Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition -- 5.3 Seed Technology Principles -- 5.3.1 Selection of Field -- 5.3.2 Supplementary Pollination -- 5.3.3 Harvesting.
5.3.4 Drying and Storage of Raw Seed -- 5.3.5 Seed Conditioning and Upgradation -- 5.3.6 Seed Treatment -- 5.3.7 Seed Packaging and Storage -- 5.3.8 Seed Certification -- 5.3.9 Seed Certification Procedures -- Application -- Field Inspection -- Seed Sampling, Testing and Tagging -- 5.3.10 Marketing -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Vegetable Seed Production -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Seed Quality Parameters -- 2.1 Genetic Purity -- 2.1.1 Breeder Seed -- 2.1.2 Foundation Seed -- 2.1.3 Certified Seed -- 2.1.4 Labelled Seed -- 3 Seed Certification -- 4 Seed Production Technology -- 4.1 Environmental Requirements -- 4.2 Land Requirements and Planting -- 4.3 Pollination Requirements -- 4.4 Isolation Requirements -- 4.4.1 Temporal Isolation -- 4.4.2 Spatial Isolation -- 4.4.3 Isolation by Physical Barrier -- 5 Roguing -- 5.1 Different Stages of Rouging -- 6 Harvesting, Threshing and Seed Extraction -- 6.1 Fermentation -- 6.2 Acid Treatment -- 6.3 Alkali Treatment -- 7 Seed Drying -- 8 Seed Processing -- 9 Seed Quality Control -- 10 Genetic Purity -- 11 Opportunities in Vegetable Seed Production -- References -- Principles of Variety Maintenance for Quality Seed Production -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Quality Control: An Essential Prerequisite of Varietal Maintenance and Seed Multiplication -- 2 Maintenance Breeding -- 2.1 Objectives of the Maintenance Breeding -- 2.2 Methodology -- 2.2.1 Self-Pollinated Crops -- Rice -- Pusa Basmati 1121 -- Pusa 44 -- Wheat -- Nucleus Seed Stage I (NSS1) -- Nucleus Seed Stage II (NSS2) -- 2.2.2 Often Cross-Pollinated Crops, e.g., Pigeon Pea -- Nucleus Seed Production of Varieties and/or Restorer Lines of Hybrids -- Nucleus Seed Production of A Line of Pigeon Pea Hybrids -- 2.2.3 Cross-Pollinated Crops, e.g. Sunflower -- Nucleus Seed Production of Open-Pollinated Varieties -- Nucleus Seed Production of R Line.
3 Measures to Evaluate Varietal Purity to Increase Homogeneity and Stability -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Hybrid Seed Production Technology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Genetic Principles in Hybrid Seed Production -- 2.1 Male Sterility -- 2.1.1 Genetic Male Sterility (GMS) -- 2.1.2 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) -- 2.1.3 Cytoplasmic-Genetic Male Sterility (CGMS) -- 2.2 Self-Incompatibility -- 2.3 Emasculation and Pollination -- 2.4 Use of Gynoecious Sex Form -- 2.5 Use of Chemicals and Growth Regulators -- 2.5.1 Sex Modification through Hormones and Chemicals -- 2.6 Manipulation of Environment for Sex Modification in Hybrid Seed Production -- 2.6.1 Rice -- 2.6.2 Castor -- 3 Agronomic Principles of Hybrid Seed Production -- 3.1 Environmental Requirements -- 3.2 Land Requirement -- 3.3 Isolation Distance -- 4 Stigma Receptivity -- 5 Pollen Viability -- 6 Pollination Control -- 7 Synchronization of Flowering -- 7.1 Rice -- 7.2 Sorghum -- 7.3 Pearl Millet -- 7.4 Sunflower -- 7.5 Cauliflower -- 8 Planting Ratio -- 9 Supplementary Pollination -- 10 Roguing -- 11 Harvesting, Threshing and Seed Extraction -- 12 Seed Drying -- 13 Hybrid Seed Production in Maize (Zea mays L.) -- 13.1 Selection of Area -- 13.2 Field Selection -- 13.3 Isolation -- 13.3.1 Spatial Isolation -- 13.3.2 Temporal Isolation -- 13.3.3 Border Rows -- 13.4 Use of Border Rows -- 13.5 Planting Pattern -- 13.6 Pollen Control -- 13.6.1 Precautions During Detasseling -- 13.7 Flowering Manipulation -- 13.8 Rogueing -- 14 Hybrid Seed Production in Castor (Ricinus communis L.) -- 14.1 Isolation -- 14.2 Season and Planting Condition -- 14.3 Breeder/Foundation Seed Production of Female Parents -- 14.3.1 Conventional Method -- 14.3.2 Modified Method -- 14.3.3 Other Precautions -- 14.4 Certified Hybrid Seed Production -- 15 Hybrid Seed Production in Cotton -- 15.1 Emasculation of the Female Parent.
15.1.1 Doak Method or Thumb Nail Method.
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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Seed Quality: Variety Development to Planting-An Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Seed Development -- 3 System of Variety Development, Release, and Notification -- 4 Seed Production -- 5 Variety Maintenance/Maintenance Breeding -- 6 Seed Quality -- 6.1 Physical Quality -- 6.2 Genetic Purity -- 6.3 Physiological Quality -- 6.4 Seed Health -- 7 Factors Influencing Seed Quality -- 8 Seed Quality Assurance -- 9 Seed Certification and Quality Testing -- 10 Role of International Organizations -- 11 Seed Quality Maintenance -- 12 Seed Quality Upgradation -- 13 Genetic Improvement for Seed Quality -- 14 Seed Quality Enhancement -- 15 Scope of Molecular Technologies -- References -- Seed Development and Maturation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Double Fertilization -- 3 Embryogenesis -- 3.1 Embryogenesis in Monocot -- 3.2 Embryogenesis in Dicot -- 4 Acquisition of Desiccation Tolerance During Seed Maturation -- 5 Seed Development and Maturation in Relevance to Seed Quality -- 5.1 Hormonal Regulation of Seed Development and Maturation -- 6 Physiological Maturity, Mass Maturity and Harvest Maturity -- 6.1 Seed Maturity Indices in Relation to Harvest Maturity -- 6.2 Trackable Parameters During Seed Development and Maturation -- 6.2.1 Seed Moisture Content -- 6.2.2 Seed Size -- 6.2.3 Seed Dry Weight -- 6.2.4 Germination -- 6.2.5 Vigour -- 6.3 Chlorophyll Fluorescence (CF) Sorting vis-�a-vis Seed Maturation -- 6.4 External Factors Affecting Seed Development and Maturation -- 6.4.1 Soil Fertility -- 6.4.2 Water -- 6.4.3 Temperature -- 6.4.4 Light -- 6.4.5 Seed Position on the Plant -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Seed Dormancy and Regulation of Germination -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Seed Dormancy -- 2.1 Definition -- 2.2 Classification of Seed Dormancy -- 2.2.1 Morphological Dormancy -- 2.2.2 Physiological Dormancy.

2.2.3 Physical Dormancy -- 2.2.4 Combinational Dormancy -- 2.3 Types of Seed Dormancy in Legumes and Cereals -- 2.4 Induction of Dormancy -- 2.4.1 Primary Dormancy -- 2.4.2 Secondary Dormancy -- 2.5 Phytochrome and Seed Dormancy vs. Germination -- 2.6 Methods to Release Dormancy -- 2.6.1 Scarification -- 2.6.2 Stratification -- 2.6.3 Leaching of Metabolites (Inhibitors) -- 2.6.4 Treating Seed with Chemical Activators and Growth Hormones -- 3 Seed Germination -- 3.1 Morphology of Seed Germination -- 3.2 Metabolic Processes During Seed Germination -- 3.2.1 Hydrolytic Enzymes and Seed Germination -- 3.2.2 Hydrolysis of Starch -- 3.2.3 Hydrolysis of Proteins -- 3.2.4 Hydrolysis of Lipids -- 3.2.5 Hydrolysis of Phytic Acid -- 3.3 ROS Function -- 3.4 Nitrogenous Compounds and Seed Germination -- 3.5 Mobilisation of Reserve Food Material -- 3.6 Hormone Metabolism and Signalling -- 3.7 Ethylene and Other Growth Regulators -- 3.8 Environmental Factors Influencing Seed Germination -- 4 Conclusions and Future Thrust Areas -- References -- Seed Vigour and Invigoration -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Definitions of Seed Vigour -- 2 Factors Affecting Seed Vigour -- 2.1 Acquisition of Seed Vigour and Seed Maturity -- 2.2 Environment -- 2.3 Seed Size -- 2.4 Seed Reserves -- 2.5 Positional Effect -- 2.6 Seed Coat and Imbibition Damage -- 2.7 Seed Ageing and Storage -- 2.8 Seed Processing -- 2.9 Physical Sanitation Treatment -- 2.10 Genetic Variation -- 3 Seed Vigour Assessment -- 3.1 Seed Vigour Tests -- 3.1.1 Seed Size/Density -- 3.1.2 Performance-Based Tests -- 3.1.3 Stress Tests -- 3.1.4 Physiological and Biochemical Tests -- 3.2 Some Novel Methods of Vigour Assessment -- 4 Seed Invigoration -- 4.1 Effect of Seed Priming -- 4.1.1 Biophysical and Structural Changes -- 4.1.2 Cellular and Metabolic Changes -- 4.1.3 Physiological and Biochemical Changes.

4.1.4 Stress Resistance -- 4.2 Storage of Primed Seeds -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Seed Longevity and Deterioration -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Seed Factors -- 2.1 Role of Chemical Protectants in Various Tissues -- 2.2 Role of Hormones -- 3 Storage Factors -- 3.1 Moisture Content, Water Activity or Equilibrium Relative Humidity -- 3.1.1 Glassy or Liquid Cytoplasm -- 3.2 Temperature -- 3.3 Oxygen -- 3.4 Pests and Pathogens -- 4 Modelling Seed Ageing -- 5 Estimating Seed Longevity -- 6 Types and Causes of Seed Deterioration -- 7 Repair Mechanisms -- 8 Storability of Recalcitrant Seeds -- References -- Principles of Quality Seed Production -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Variety Release and Seed Certification -- 3 Generation Scheme of Seed Multiplication -- 4 Genetic Deterioration in Crop Varieties -- 4.1 Genotypic Constitution and Pollination Behaviour -- 4.2 Developmental Variation -- 4.3 Mechanical Mixtures -- 4.4 Natural Out-Crossing -- 4.5 Influence of Pests and Diseases -- 4.6 Genetic Drift -- 4.7 Minor Genetic Variations and Pre-mature Release of Varieties -- 5 Principles of Quality Seed Production -- 5.1 Genetic Principles of Seed Production -- 5.1.1 Maintenance Breeding -- 5.1.2 Confirmation of the Seed Source -- 5.1.3 Previous Cropping History -- 5.1.4 Isolation Requirement -- Isolation in Time -- Isolation by Distance -- Isolation by Barrier -- 5.1.5 Compact Area Approach -- 5.1.6 Discarding the Peripheral Strip -- 5.2 Agronomic Principles of Seed Production -- 5.2.1 Selection of the Agro-Climatic Region -- 5.2.2 Field Preparation -- 5.2.3 Selection of a Variety -- 5.2.4 Seeding and Stand Establishment -- 5.2.5 Roguing of the Seed Crop -- 5.2.6 Weed Control -- 5.2.7 Disease and Insect Control -- 5.2.8 Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition -- 5.3 Seed Technology Principles -- 5.3.1 Selection of Field -- 5.3.2 Supplementary Pollination -- 5.3.3 Harvesting.

5.3.4 Drying and Storage of Raw Seed -- 5.3.5 Seed Conditioning and Upgradation -- 5.3.6 Seed Treatment -- 5.3.7 Seed Packaging and Storage -- 5.3.8 Seed Certification -- 5.3.9 Seed Certification Procedures -- Application -- Field Inspection -- Seed Sampling, Testing and Tagging -- 5.3.10 Marketing -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Vegetable Seed Production -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Seed Quality Parameters -- 2.1 Genetic Purity -- 2.1.1 Breeder Seed -- 2.1.2 Foundation Seed -- 2.1.3 Certified Seed -- 2.1.4 Labelled Seed -- 3 Seed Certification -- 4 Seed Production Technology -- 4.1 Environmental Requirements -- 4.2 Land Requirements and Planting -- 4.3 Pollination Requirements -- 4.4 Isolation Requirements -- 4.4.1 Temporal Isolation -- 4.4.2 Spatial Isolation -- 4.4.3 Isolation by Physical Barrier -- 5 Roguing -- 5.1 Different Stages of Rouging -- 6 Harvesting, Threshing and Seed Extraction -- 6.1 Fermentation -- 6.2 Acid Treatment -- 6.3 Alkali Treatment -- 7 Seed Drying -- 8 Seed Processing -- 9 Seed Quality Control -- 10 Genetic Purity -- 11 Opportunities in Vegetable Seed Production -- References -- Principles of Variety Maintenance for Quality Seed Production -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Quality Control: An Essential Prerequisite of Varietal Maintenance and Seed Multiplication -- 2 Maintenance Breeding -- 2.1 Objectives of the Maintenance Breeding -- 2.2 Methodology -- 2.2.1 Self-Pollinated Crops -- Rice -- Pusa Basmati 1121 -- Pusa 44 -- Wheat -- Nucleus Seed Stage I (NSS1) -- Nucleus Seed Stage II (NSS2) -- 2.2.2 Often Cross-Pollinated Crops, e.g., Pigeon Pea -- Nucleus Seed Production of Varieties and/or Restorer Lines of Hybrids -- Nucleus Seed Production of A Line of Pigeon Pea Hybrids -- 2.2.3 Cross-Pollinated Crops, e.g. Sunflower -- Nucleus Seed Production of Open-Pollinated Varieties -- Nucleus Seed Production of R Line.

3 Measures to Evaluate Varietal Purity to Increase Homogeneity and Stability -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Hybrid Seed Production Technology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Genetic Principles in Hybrid Seed Production -- 2.1 Male Sterility -- 2.1.1 Genetic Male Sterility (GMS) -- 2.1.2 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) -- 2.1.3 Cytoplasmic-Genetic Male Sterility (CGMS) -- 2.2 Self-Incompatibility -- 2.3 Emasculation and Pollination -- 2.4 Use of Gynoecious Sex Form -- 2.5 Use of Chemicals and Growth Regulators -- 2.5.1 Sex Modification through Hormones and Chemicals -- 2.6 Manipulation of Environment for Sex Modification in Hybrid Seed Production -- 2.6.1 Rice -- 2.6.2 Castor -- 3 Agronomic Principles of Hybrid Seed Production -- 3.1 Environmental Requirements -- 3.2 Land Requirement -- 3.3 Isolation Distance -- 4 Stigma Receptivity -- 5 Pollen Viability -- 6 Pollination Control -- 7 Synchronization of Flowering -- 7.1 Rice -- 7.2 Sorghum -- 7.3 Pearl Millet -- 7.4 Sunflower -- 7.5 Cauliflower -- 8 Planting Ratio -- 9 Supplementary Pollination -- 10 Roguing -- 11 Harvesting, Threshing and Seed Extraction -- 12 Seed Drying -- 13 Hybrid Seed Production in Maize (Zea mays L.) -- 13.1 Selection of Area -- 13.2 Field Selection -- 13.3 Isolation -- 13.3.1 Spatial Isolation -- 13.3.2 Temporal Isolation -- 13.3.3 Border Rows -- 13.4 Use of Border Rows -- 13.5 Planting Pattern -- 13.6 Pollen Control -- 13.6.1 Precautions During Detasseling -- 13.7 Flowering Manipulation -- 13.8 Rogueing -- 14 Hybrid Seed Production in Castor (Ricinus communis L.) -- 14.1 Isolation -- 14.2 Season and Planting Condition -- 14.3 Breeder/Foundation Seed Production of Female Parents -- 14.3.1 Conventional Method -- 14.3.2 Modified Method -- 14.3.3 Other Precautions -- 14.4 Certified Hybrid Seed Production -- 15 Hybrid Seed Production in Cotton -- 15.1 Emasculation of the Female Parent.

15.1.1 Doak Method or Thumb Nail Method.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2023. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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