Reconsidering Constitutional Formation II Decisive Constitutional Normativity : From Old Liberties to New Precedence.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1 A New Order of the Ages. Normativity and Precedence -- Abstract -- 1 Novus Ordo Seclorum -- 2 Definitions of Normativity and Precedence -- 3 The Constitutionality of the Colonies' Legal Argumentation Conducting Their Case like a Common Law Litigation -- 3.1 The British-American Discursive Common Law Community -- 3.2 Customary Old Liberties Against Parliamentary Absoluteness -- 3.2.1 American Sympathies for the Supremacy of Common Law -- 3.2.2 Liberty Defending Common Law Versus Discretion Granting Executive from an American Perspective -- 3.3 No Westminster Legislation on the Internal Colonial Polities -- 3.3.1 Systematic Distinction of 'Internal' and 'External' Spheres of Colonial Government -- 3.3.2 Specific Matters of the Colonies' Own Nature Versus General Matters of the Empire -- 3.4 Self-reliance of the British Imperial 'Constitution' -- 3.5 Legal Force of Custom in the Unsettled Connexion of the Colonies to Britain -- 4 Establishing Constitution as Law -- 4.1 Emergence of the Constituent American People -- 4.1.1 Natural Law 'Basis and Foundation of Government' -- 4.1.2 Independence from Being Subjects of the 'Same' King -- 4.1.3 Constitutional American People of the United Colonies (1776-8) -- 4.2 Constitution as Supreme Legal Codex for Central State Issues -- 4.2.1 Focus on the Division of Sovereignty Between Union and Single States -- 4.2.2 The Constitution as Guarantee for the Existence of the Union -- 4.2.3 Constitutional Silence on Precedence -- 4.3 Farewell to the Lockean 'Inter legislatorem et populum nullus in terris est judex' -- 5 Summary of Sections 3 and 4 -- 6 Legal Transition of Philosophical Truths -- 6.1 Siey�es' Constitutional Jury (jury constituionnaire) -- 6.1.1 Constitutional Debates of 2 and 18 Thermidor III (20 July and 5 August 1795) -- 'Jury de Cassation'.

'Jury de Proposition' -- 'Jury of Natural Equity' -- 6.1.2 Communicative Implications of the Jury's Attributions in the Thermidorian Constitutional Debates -- 'Jury de Cassation' -- 'Jury de Proposition' -- 'Jury of Natural Equity' -- 6.2 Defeat of Siey�es' Jury Proposal and Its Consequences on the French Constitutional Jurisdiction -- 7 Avenues of New Constitutional Research: Sketching Germany, 1848-9 -- 7.1 Juridification Matters in the Public Sphere Around the Constituent St. Paul's Church Assembly -- 7.2 Supremacy Matters in the Public Sphere Around the Constituent St. Paul's Church Assembly -- 7.3 Revision Matters in the Public Sphere Around the Constituent St. Paul's Church Assembly -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- 2 The Development of Constitutional Precedence and the Constitutionalization of Individual Rights -- Abstract -- 1 Fundamental Laws and Fundamental Rights in the 17th and 18th Centuries and the Invention of the Word "Unconstitutional" in England -- 2 The Dissociation of "Constitutional" from Legislative Power in North America and the "Constitutionalisation" of Individual Rights (Colonies and States up to 1787/88) -- 3 Fundamental or Paramount Law on the Federal Level in the United States: Marbury v. Madison 1803 and Obergefell v. Hodges 2015 -- 4 Europe, "Constitutional Complaint" (Verfassungsbeschwerde) and "Individual Complaint" (Individualbeschwerde): Roots 1848 and 1867, Beginnings 1919/1920, Breakthrough After World War II -- References -- 3 "To Which Constitution the Further Laws of the Present Sejm Have to Adhere to in All…" Constitutional Precedence of the 3 May System -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Note on Terminology -- 3 Characteristic of the Sources -- 4 French Inspirations of Polish Republicans: Drafts of Mably and Rousseau.

5 The Extraordinary Procedure for Enactment of the Constitution of 3 May: Oath on the Constitution -- 5.1 First Constitutional Works -- 5.2 Enactment of the Government Statute -- 5.3 An Oath on the Constitution -- 6 The Problem of the Supreme Law in the Time of the 3 May Debate -- 6.1 Henrician Articles and Pacta Conventa -- 6.2 Cardinal Laws in Polish Tradition and Legal System -- 7 Relation Between the Constitution and the Ordinary Legislation: Nullification of the Law Contravening to the Constitution -- 8 The Procedure of Constitutional Revision -- 9 Summary -- 10 Summary (Polish) -- References -- 4 The Codification of the Polish Substantial Criminal Law in the Sejm Debates 1818 -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Origins of the 1815 Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland -- 3 General Characteristics of the Constitution of 1815 -- 4 Regulations in the 1815 Constitution Concerning the Criminal Law -- 5 The Enactment of the Polish Criminal Code of 1818 -- 6 The Evaluation of the Congruity of the Criminal Code of 1818 with the 1815 Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland -- 7 Conclusions -- 8 Summary (Polish) -- References -- 5 Constitutional Precedence and the Genesis of the Belgian Constitution of 1831 -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 From Fundamental Law to Belgian Constitution -- 2.1 The Fundamental Law and the Question of Royal Sovereignty -- 2.2 'Constitutionals' Versus 'Ministerials': Belgian Constitutional Opposition -- 2.3 Towards a New Legal Order -- 2.4 Constituent Power -- 2.5 The Question of Constitutionality -- 3 Precedence in the Belgian Constitution -- 3.1 Differentiation from Normal Legislation -- 3.2 The Oath on the Constitution -- 3.3 Judicial Review -- 4 Epilogue: Constitutional Discourse After 1831 -- 5 Summary (Dutch): Grondwettelijke Voorrang en het Ontstaan van de Belgische Grondwet van 1831.

6 Summary (French): La Primaut�e de La Constitution et La Gen�ese de La Constitution Belge de 1831 -- References -- 6 Inaugurating a Dutch Napoleon? Conservative Criticism of the 1815 Constitution of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Dutch-Belgian Constitution of 1815 -- 3 International Context -- 4 The Right to Declare War (Art. 57-58) -- 5 Leave Us as We Are: Jan-Jozef Raepsaet the Constitution as a Pactum -- 6 Epilogue: The Eclipse of the Monarchical Principle -- References -- 7 Constituent Power and Constitutionalism in 19th Century Norway -- Abstract -- 1 What Is a Constitution? Delegation, Octroi or Contract? -- 2 The Case of Norway -- 3 Background: The Constituent Power and the Norwegian 1814 Constitution -- 3.1 The 1814 Constitutional Assembly as the Embodiment of the Constituent Power -- 3.2 International Context and Influences -- 4 Context: The Constituent Power in Post 1814 Restoration Era Europe -- 4.1 The Monarchical Principle and the Constituent Power -- 4.2 The Monarchical Principle and the Separation of Powers -- 5 Who is the Constituent Power? Norwegian Constitutionalism Contested 1824-1884 -- 5.1 The Monarchical Principle Introduced to Norway -- 5.2 Contract or Delegation? Competing Views on the Constitution's Character -- 5.3 The Constituent Power as an Argument for Judicial Review -- 5.4 The Royal Veto Put to the Test -- 5.5 The Impeachment Case of 1883-1884 -- 5.6 The Constituent Power Decided -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Records of the Constitutional Assembly in 1814 -- Records of the Norwegian Parliament and Extraorinary Parliament, Royal Propositions -- Court Decisions -- Records of the Court of Impeachment in 1883-1884 -- Treaties -- Constitutions, Norway -- Constitutions -- 8 In Keeping with the Spirit of the Albertine Statute-Constitutionalisation of the National Unification.

Abstract -- 1 Overview -- 2 Constitution, Charte and Statuto: Different Names for the Same Thing? -- 3 Albertine Statute as Fundamental Law -- 3.1 The Albertine Statute by Means of Its Preamble -- 3.2 Constitutional/Unconstitutional Law in Parliamentary Acts -- 4 Theories on Constitutional Revision -- 4.1 Immutability of the Constitution and Constituent Power -- 4.2 Omnipotence of Parliament -- 4.3 Intermediate Theory -- 5 Flexibility and Elasticity of the Constitution in the Legal Debate -- 6 Interpreting the Constitution: Letter of Statute, Customs and Practice -- 7 National Unification by Constitutionalisation -- 8 Epilogue -- 9 Summary (Italian) -- References -- 9 Legal Hierarchies in the Works of Hans Kelsen and Adolf Julius Merkl -- Abstract -- References -- Appendix A: Emmanuel Joseph Siey�es, Du Jury Constitutionnaire (an III) -- Presented on 18 Thermidor III (5 August 1795) -- Appendix B: Emmanuel Joseph Siey�es, Du Jury Constitutionnaire (an III) -- Presented on 18 Thermidor III (5 August 1795) -- Appendix C: Projet de Constitution pour le Royaume de Pologne, 1812 -- Appendix D: Projet de Constitution pour le Royaume de Pologne, 1812 -- Draft of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland 1812 -- About the Authors -- Index.

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