Criminal Law.

Cover -- Criminal Law -- Brief contents -- Contents -- Guided tour -- Preface -- Publisher's acknowledgements -- Table of cases -- Table of statutes -- Table of treaties -- Introduction -- Introduction -- How much crime is there? -- Awareness of crime -- Reporting crime -- Recording crime -- White-collar and corporate crime -- Statistics and conclusions -- Sources of criminal law -- Codification of the criminal law -- Summary -- Reading list -- Reading on the internet -- Elements of a crime -- Introduction -- Actus reus -- Conduct must be voluntary -- Types of actus reus -- Causation -- Omissions -- Mens rea -- Intention -- Recklessness -- Negligence -- Transferred malice -- Coincidence of actus reus and mens rea -- Mens rea and motive -- Proof of mens rea -- Problems with the law on mens rea -- Subjective principles in criminal law -- Answering questions -- Summary -- Reading list -- Reading on the internet -- Strict liability -- Introduction -- Which crimes are crimes of strict liability? -- Regulatory offence -- Issue of social concern -- The wording of the Act -- The smallness of the penalty -- Relevance of the four factors -- Crimes of negligence -- The effect of mistake -- The European Convention on Human Rights -- Arguments in favour of strict liability -- Promotion of care -- Deterrent value -- Easier enforcement -- Difficulty of proving mens rea -- No threat to liberty -- Profit from risk -- Arguments against strict liability -- Injustice -- Ineffective -- Little administrative advantage -- Inconsistent application -- Better alternatives are available -- Reform -- Restrict the use of strict liability -- Defence of all due diligence -- Extending strict liability -- Answering questions -- Summary -- Reading list -- Reading on the internet -- Murder -- Introduction -- The common elements of homicide offences -- A human being -- Death.

Causation -- Murder -- Definition -- Mens rea -- Sentence -- Criticism -- Proposals for reform -- Answering questions -- Summary -- Reading list -- Reading on the internet -- Voluntary manslaughter -- Introduction -- Loss of control -- Loss of self-control -- Resulting from a qualifying trigger -- The objective test -- Burden of proof -- Criticism -- Diminished responsibility -- An abnormality of mental functioning -- Burden of proof -- Criticism -- Suicide pacts -- Answering questions -- Summary -- Reading list -- Reading on the internet -- Involuntary manslaughter -- Introduction -- Manslaughter by an unlawful and dangerous act -- Actus reus -- Mens rea -- Criticism -- Gross negligence manslaughter -- Criticism -- Subjective reckless manslaughter? -- Causing death by dangerous driving -- Sentence -- Causing death by careless driving under the influence of drink or drugs -- Road Safety Act 2006 -- Criticism -- Causing or allowing the death of a child or vulnerable adult -- Reform of involuntary manslaughter -- Home Office proposals -- Answering questions -- Summary -- Reading list -- Reading on the internet -- Non-fatal offences against the person -- Introduction -- Assault -- Actus reus -- Mens rea -- Battery -- Actus reus -- Mens rea -- Offences Against the Person Act 1861, s. 47 -- Actus reus -- Mens rea -- Offences Against the Person Act 1861, s. 20 -- Actus reus -- Mens rea -- Offences Against the Person Act 1861, s. 18 -- Actus reus -- Mens rea -- Problems with offences against the person -- Domestic violence -- Definitions of the offences -- Structure of the offences -- Reform -- Modernising the legislation -- Stalking -- Answering questions -- Summary -- Reading list -- Reading on the internet -- Sexual offences -- Introduction -- Rape -- Actus reus -- The defendant -- The victim -- Sexual intercourse -- Absence of victim's consent.

Mens rea -- Burden of proof -- Only reasonable mistakes negative -- Sentence -- Assault by penetration -- Actus reus -- Mens rea -- Sexual assault -- Actus reus -- Mens rea -- Causing sexual activity without consent -- Actus reus -- Mens rea -- Sexual offences against children under 13 -- Sexual offences against children aged 13 to 16 -- Criticism and reform -- Consent -- Sexual intercourse -- Conviction rate -- The victim's sexual history -- Anonymity of suspects -- The trial -- Sentencing -- Alternative offences -- Changing attitudes -- Sex offenders and politics -- Answering questions -- Summary -- Reading list -- Reading on the internet -- Non-fraudulent property offences -- Introduction -- Theft -- Actus reus -- Mens rea -- Sentence -- Robbery -- Actus reus -- Mens rea -- Completion of the offence -- Sentence -- Burglary -- Burglary under s. 9(1)(a) -- Burglary under s. 9(1)(b) -- Sentence -- Aggravated burglary -- Actus reus -- Mens rea -- Sentence -- Blackmail -- Actus reus -- Mens rea -- Sentence -- Handling -- Actus reus -- Mens rea -- Sentence -- Taking without consent -- Retaining a wrongful credit -- Criminal damage -- Actus reus -- Mens rea -- Defence -- Criminal damage endangering life -- Arson -- Answering questions -- Summary -- Reading list -- Reading on the internet -- Fraudulent property offences -- Introduction -- Problems with the pre-2007 fraud offences -- Complex and confused -- Fraudsters could avoid liability -- Poor prosecuting decisions -- Jury discretion -- Civil law concepts -- Breadth of the criminal law -- Conspiracy to defraud -- Codification -- Reform process -- Fraud offences today -- General offence of fraud -- Obtaining services dishonestly -- Additional related offences -- Making off without payment -- Criticism of the Fraud Act 2006 -- Answering questions -- Summary -- Reading list -- Reading on the internet.

Inchoate offences -- Introduction -- Attempt -- Actus reus -- Mens rea -- Offences which may not be attempted -- Sentence -- Criticism and reform -- Conspiracy -- Statutory conspiracy -- Common law conspiracy -- Criticism and reform -- Assisting or encouraging a crime -- Actus reus -- Mens rea -- Defence -- Sentence -- Criticism -- Reform -- Answering questions -- Summary -- Reading list -- Reading on the internet -- Accomplices -- Introduction -- The principal offender -- Innocent agents -- Secondary parties -- Actus reus -- Mens rea -- Joint enterprise -- Liability of a secondary party for a different offence -- Strict liability offences -- Withdrawal -- Victims as secondary participants -- Criticism -- The breadth and complexity of joint enterprise liability -- Joint enterprise and secondary party liability -- Deviations from the plan -- Sentencing -- Reform -- Depraved heart murder -- Answering questions -- Summary -- Reading list -- Reading on the internet -- Corporate liability -- Introduction -- Vicarious liability -- The doctrine of identification -- Corporate manslaughter -- Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 -- Criticism -- Punishment -- Lack of deterrence -- Individual responsibility -- Reform -- The Law Commission -- Civil liability -- Alternative punishments -- Answering questions -- Summary -- Reading list -- Reading on the internet -- General defences -- Introduction -- Complete and partial defences -- General and specific defences -- The burden of proof -- Infancy -- Criticism -- Insanity -- The M'Naghten rules -- Criticism -- Proposals for reform -- Automatism -- Involuntary act -- External cause -- Self-induced automatism -- Criticism -- Reform -- Mistake -- Mistake and mens rea -- An honest mistake -- Mistake and other defences -- Intoxication -- Specific and basic intent crimes -- Absence of mens rea.

Involuntary intoxication -- 'Dutch courage' -- Intoxication and automatism -- Mistake and intoxication -- Criticism -- Reform -- Self-defence and public defence -- Public defence -- Self-defence -- Necessity for action -- Reasonable force -- Mistake as to the degree of force -- Criticism -- Reform -- Duress -- Duress by threats -- Two-part test -- Duress of circumstances -- Criticism -- Reform -- Necessity -- Necessity and murder -- Should there be a general defence of necessity? -- Reform -- Consent -- An informed consent -- Consent obtained by fraud -- A genuine consent -- Capacity to consent -- The nature and degree of harm -- Euthanasia -- Exceptions -- Criticism -- Sexual relations -- Serious injury and consent -- Consent and euthanasia -- Lawful chastisement -- Criticism -- Answering questions -- Summary -- Reading list -- Reading on the internet -- Appendix: Answering examination questions -- Select bibliography -- Glossary -- Index.

Criminal Law clearly sets out the key topics your students will need to understand, unpicking the relevant case and statute law, whilst discussing the issues and academic debates that inevitably arise from this contentious area of law. The authors also provide criticism of the current law as well as discussion around reform.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2023. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.