Satellite Earth Observations and Their Impact on Society and Policy.
Onoda, Masami.
Satellite Earth Observations and Their Impact on Society and Policy. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (229 pages)
Intro -- Foreword -- Advisory Board and Project Members -- List of Participants -- Special Collaboration -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Background and Introduction -- 1 Satellite Earth Observations in Environmental Problem-Solving -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Nature and Scope of Satellite Earth Observations -- 1.3 Applications of Satellite Earth Observations -- 1.3.1 Atmospheric CO2 -- 1.3.2 Marine Pollution -- 1.3.2.1 Operational Oil Pollution Monitoring -- 1.3.2.2 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill -- 1.3.2.3 Red Tides -- 1.3.3 Deforestation -- 1.4 A Taxonomy of Roles for Satellite Earth Observations -- 1.4.1 Identify -- 1.4.2 Monitor -- 1.4.3 Assess -- 1.4.4 Assist -- 1.4.5 Comply -- 1.5 Coordination Mechanisms -- 1.6 The Governance of Earth Observation Systems -- 1.7 Architecture of the Book -- Acknowledgements -- References -- A Study on Methods for Assessing the Impact of Satellite Observations on Environmental Policy (Japan) -- 2 Policy and Earth Observation Innovation Cycle (PEOIC) Project (Japan) -- 2.1 Assessment Framework of the Policy and Earth Observation Innovation Cycle (PEOIC) -- 2.1.1 The Policy and Earth Observation Innovation Cycle -- 2.1.2 Project Outline -- 2.1.3 Methodology and Results -- 2.1.4 International Advisory Board and Future Prospects -- 2.2 Protection of the Ozone Layer and Climate Change -- 2.2.1 Purpose and Methodology of the Case Study -- 2.2.2 Major Obligations of the Vienna Convention/Montreal Protocol System as an International Regime to Protect the Ozone Layer -- 2.2.3 Dynamic Obligations of ODS Elimination -- 2.2.3.1 Amendments and Adjustments of the Montreal Protocol -- 2.2.3.2 ODS Added and Accelerated Through Amendments and Adjustments -- 2.2.4 Satellite Instruments Used for Ozone Monitoring -- 2.2.4.1 Satellite Observations Before the Montreal Protocol. 2.2.4.2 After the Montreal Protocol: Amendments and Adjustments -- 2.2.5 Circumstantial Evidence? Reports from SAP and ORM -- 2.2.6 Tentative Conclusions and Way Forward -- 2.3 A Quantitative Approach for Linking Policy and Satellite Earth Observation Using Text Mining Techniques -- 2.3.1 Introduction -- 2.3.2 Role of Satellite Earth Observation in Policy Decisions for the Montreal Protocol -- 2.3.3 Quantifying the Correlation Between Policy and Satellite Earth Observation -- 2.3.4 Conclusion -- 2.4 Conclusions from the Study of the Policy and Earth Observation Innovation Cycle -- Acknowledgements -- References -- National and Regional Experiences (U.S., Europe, and Asia) -- 3 Innovation in Earth Observations as a National Strategic Investment: The Experience of the U.S. -- 3.1 U.S. Earth Observation Strategy -- 3.1.1 National Space Policy of the U.S. -- 3.1.2 National Plan for Civil Earth Observations -- 3.1.3 A Plan for a U.S. National Land Imaging Program -- 3.1.4 Decadal Survey for Earth Science and Applications from Space -- 3.2 Quantifying the Economic Value of Information -- 3.2.1 Forecast Error Contribution and VOI -- 3.2.2 Examples and Further Reading -- References -- 4 Benefits Assessment of Applied Earth Science -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Earth Science and Applications -- 4.3 Inform Decisions -- 4.4 Socioeconomic Benefits of Earth Observations -- 4.4.1 Earth Observations and Air Quality -- 4.4.2 Volcanic Ash, Earth Observations, and Aviation Safety -- 4.5 Sustainable Development Goals -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- 5 ESA's Earth Observation Strategy and Copernicus -- References -- 6 Earth Observation-UK Perspective and Policy -- 6.1 Observations Providing Scientific Evidence to Support Decision-Making -- 6.2 Challenges for UK Society and Role of Observations -- 6.3 New Technologies and Opportunities. 6.4 The National and International Contexts -- 6.5 The Importance of Sustained Funding and Stakeholder Dialogue -- 6.6 An Example of Novel International Collaboration on Earth Observation Led by the UK -- Acknowledgements -- 7 Benefit Assessment of the Application of Satellite Earth Observation for Society and Policy: Assessing the Socioeconomic Impacts of the Development of Downstream Space-Based Earth Observation Applications -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Assessing the Benefits of Satellite Earth Observation for Public Policies: A Focus on Environmental and Maritime Policies -- 7.2.1 MEDDE PlanSat: Satellite Earth Observation Contribution Toward Environmental Policy -- 7.2.2 DGOM: Satellite Earth Observation for Overseas Challenges -- 7.3 Assessing the Downstream Economy of Space-Based Earth Observation: Challenges, Methods and First Results -- 7.3.1 Towards a Methodology for Assessing the Economy of the Downstream Space-Based Earth Observation Sector -- 7.3.2 Mapping French Satellite-Based Earth Observation Service Providers -- 7.4 Lessons Learned and Perspectives -- Reference -- 8 Chinese Earth Observation Program and Policy -- 8.1 Development of the Chinese Earth Observation Program -- 8.2 Key Components of the Chinese Earth Observation Program -- 8.2.1 Meteorological Satellites -- 8.2.2 Oceanic Satellites -- 8.2.3 Earth Resources Satellites -- 8.2.4 China High-Resolution Earth Observation System -- 8.2.5 Environmental Protection and Disaster Monitoring Constellation -- 8.2.6 The Private Sector -- 9 Greenhouse Gas Observation from Space -- 9.1 GOSAT Mission Overview -- 9.2 Data Products and Recent Results -- 9.3 The Way Forward: GOSAT-2 -- Reference -- 10 Japanese Satellite Earth Observation: Status and Policy Issues -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Development of National Satellite Earth Observation Programs. 10.3 Development of Earth Observation Products and Applications -- 10.4 Conclusions -- References -- International Initiatives and Studies -- 11 The New 10-Year GEOSS Strategy for 2016 and Beyond -- 11.1 Introduction to GEO and GEOSS -- 11.2 GEO Strategic Plan 2016-2025: Implementing GEOSS -- 11.2.1 Societal Challenges and Opportunities -- 11.2.2 Stakeholder Engagement -- 11.2.3 Core Functions -- 11.2.4 Implementation Mechanisms -- 11.2.5 Governance Structure -- 11.3 Moving Forward -- 12 The Value of Global Earth Observations -- References -- 13 Earth Observation Support to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change: The Example of REDD+ -- 13.1 Background -- 13.2 GFOI Goals and Objectives -- 13.3 Achievements and Challenges -- 13.3.1 Data Coordination -- 13.3.2 Methods & -- Guidance Documentation -- 13.3.3 Capacity Building -- 13.3.4 Research and Development Coordination -- 13.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 14 Quantitative Assessment of the Earth Observation Data and Methods Used to Generate Reference Emission Levels for REDD+ -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.1.1 REDD+ Forest Reference Emission Levels and Baselines -- 14.1.2 Objectives -- 14.2 Methods -- 14.2.1 Data -- 14.2.2 Metrics -- 14.2.3 Comparison of Metric Values at National/Subnational and Project Levels -- 14.2.4 Relationship Between Earth Observation Data Quality/Quantity and Methods Used for FREL/Baseline Generation -- 14.3 Results -- 14.3.1 Quality/Quantity of Earth Observation Data Used -- 14.3.2 Comparison of Metric Values at National/Subnational and Project Levels -- 14.3.3 Relationship Between Earth Observation Data Quality/Quantity and Methods Used for FREL/Baseline Generation -- 14.4 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 15 Evaluation of Space Programs: Select Findings from the OECD Space Forum -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 What Do We Want to Evaluate?. 15.2.1 Space Programs -- 15.2.2 Space Applications -- 15.2.3 Space Infrastructure -- 15.3 Tracing Benefits to Satellites -- 15.4 The Way Forward -- References -- Prospects and Conclusions -- 16 Integrating Earth Observation Systems and International Environmental Regimes -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Why Focus on Institutional Complexes? -- 16.3 The Earth Observation Environmental Regime Complex -- 16.3.1 Scope of Activities in Focus -- 16.3.2 Boundaries of the Earth Observation Environmental Regime Complex -- 16.4 Integrating the Earth Observation Environmental Regime Complex -- 16.4.1 Information -- 16.4.2 Assistance -- 16.4.3 Compliance -- 16.5 Organizational Issues -- 16.5.1 An Earth Observation Environmental Data Forum -- 16.5.2 Terms of Engagement -- 16.6 Impacts on Earth Observation Sustainability -- 16.6.1 Economic Viability -- 16.6.2 Environmental Sustainability -- 16.6.3 Normative or Ethical Concerns -- 16.7 Conclusion -- References -- 17 Conclusion -- 17.1 Key Findings -- 17.2 Assessment Methodologies -- 17.2.1 Literature-Based Analysis -- 17.2.2 Economic Analysis -- 17.3 Perspectives on the Benefits of Earth Observations for Society and Policy -- 17.4 A Model of Earth Observation for Society and Policy, and Lessons for Japan -- References -- 18 Erratum to: Quantitative Assessment of the Earth Observation Data and Methods Used to Generate Reference Emission Levels for REDD+ -- Erratum to:& -- #6 -- Chapter 14 in: M. Onoda and O.R. Young (eds.), Satellite Earth Observations and Their Impact on Society and Policy, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3713-9_14 -- Glossary.
9789811037139
Electronic books.
GE1-350
Satellite Earth Observations and Their Impact on Society and Policy. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (229 pages)
Intro -- Foreword -- Advisory Board and Project Members -- List of Participants -- Special Collaboration -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Background and Introduction -- 1 Satellite Earth Observations in Environmental Problem-Solving -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Nature and Scope of Satellite Earth Observations -- 1.3 Applications of Satellite Earth Observations -- 1.3.1 Atmospheric CO2 -- 1.3.2 Marine Pollution -- 1.3.2.1 Operational Oil Pollution Monitoring -- 1.3.2.2 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill -- 1.3.2.3 Red Tides -- 1.3.3 Deforestation -- 1.4 A Taxonomy of Roles for Satellite Earth Observations -- 1.4.1 Identify -- 1.4.2 Monitor -- 1.4.3 Assess -- 1.4.4 Assist -- 1.4.5 Comply -- 1.5 Coordination Mechanisms -- 1.6 The Governance of Earth Observation Systems -- 1.7 Architecture of the Book -- Acknowledgements -- References -- A Study on Methods for Assessing the Impact of Satellite Observations on Environmental Policy (Japan) -- 2 Policy and Earth Observation Innovation Cycle (PEOIC) Project (Japan) -- 2.1 Assessment Framework of the Policy and Earth Observation Innovation Cycle (PEOIC) -- 2.1.1 The Policy and Earth Observation Innovation Cycle -- 2.1.2 Project Outline -- 2.1.3 Methodology and Results -- 2.1.4 International Advisory Board and Future Prospects -- 2.2 Protection of the Ozone Layer and Climate Change -- 2.2.1 Purpose and Methodology of the Case Study -- 2.2.2 Major Obligations of the Vienna Convention/Montreal Protocol System as an International Regime to Protect the Ozone Layer -- 2.2.3 Dynamic Obligations of ODS Elimination -- 2.2.3.1 Amendments and Adjustments of the Montreal Protocol -- 2.2.3.2 ODS Added and Accelerated Through Amendments and Adjustments -- 2.2.4 Satellite Instruments Used for Ozone Monitoring -- 2.2.4.1 Satellite Observations Before the Montreal Protocol. 2.2.4.2 After the Montreal Protocol: Amendments and Adjustments -- 2.2.5 Circumstantial Evidence? Reports from SAP and ORM -- 2.2.6 Tentative Conclusions and Way Forward -- 2.3 A Quantitative Approach for Linking Policy and Satellite Earth Observation Using Text Mining Techniques -- 2.3.1 Introduction -- 2.3.2 Role of Satellite Earth Observation in Policy Decisions for the Montreal Protocol -- 2.3.3 Quantifying the Correlation Between Policy and Satellite Earth Observation -- 2.3.4 Conclusion -- 2.4 Conclusions from the Study of the Policy and Earth Observation Innovation Cycle -- Acknowledgements -- References -- National and Regional Experiences (U.S., Europe, and Asia) -- 3 Innovation in Earth Observations as a National Strategic Investment: The Experience of the U.S. -- 3.1 U.S. Earth Observation Strategy -- 3.1.1 National Space Policy of the U.S. -- 3.1.2 National Plan for Civil Earth Observations -- 3.1.3 A Plan for a U.S. National Land Imaging Program -- 3.1.4 Decadal Survey for Earth Science and Applications from Space -- 3.2 Quantifying the Economic Value of Information -- 3.2.1 Forecast Error Contribution and VOI -- 3.2.2 Examples and Further Reading -- References -- 4 Benefits Assessment of Applied Earth Science -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Earth Science and Applications -- 4.3 Inform Decisions -- 4.4 Socioeconomic Benefits of Earth Observations -- 4.4.1 Earth Observations and Air Quality -- 4.4.2 Volcanic Ash, Earth Observations, and Aviation Safety -- 4.5 Sustainable Development Goals -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- 5 ESA's Earth Observation Strategy and Copernicus -- References -- 6 Earth Observation-UK Perspective and Policy -- 6.1 Observations Providing Scientific Evidence to Support Decision-Making -- 6.2 Challenges for UK Society and Role of Observations -- 6.3 New Technologies and Opportunities. 6.4 The National and International Contexts -- 6.5 The Importance of Sustained Funding and Stakeholder Dialogue -- 6.6 An Example of Novel International Collaboration on Earth Observation Led by the UK -- Acknowledgements -- 7 Benefit Assessment of the Application of Satellite Earth Observation for Society and Policy: Assessing the Socioeconomic Impacts of the Development of Downstream Space-Based Earth Observation Applications -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Assessing the Benefits of Satellite Earth Observation for Public Policies: A Focus on Environmental and Maritime Policies -- 7.2.1 MEDDE PlanSat: Satellite Earth Observation Contribution Toward Environmental Policy -- 7.2.2 DGOM: Satellite Earth Observation for Overseas Challenges -- 7.3 Assessing the Downstream Economy of Space-Based Earth Observation: Challenges, Methods and First Results -- 7.3.1 Towards a Methodology for Assessing the Economy of the Downstream Space-Based Earth Observation Sector -- 7.3.2 Mapping French Satellite-Based Earth Observation Service Providers -- 7.4 Lessons Learned and Perspectives -- Reference -- 8 Chinese Earth Observation Program and Policy -- 8.1 Development of the Chinese Earth Observation Program -- 8.2 Key Components of the Chinese Earth Observation Program -- 8.2.1 Meteorological Satellites -- 8.2.2 Oceanic Satellites -- 8.2.3 Earth Resources Satellites -- 8.2.4 China High-Resolution Earth Observation System -- 8.2.5 Environmental Protection and Disaster Monitoring Constellation -- 8.2.6 The Private Sector -- 9 Greenhouse Gas Observation from Space -- 9.1 GOSAT Mission Overview -- 9.2 Data Products and Recent Results -- 9.3 The Way Forward: GOSAT-2 -- Reference -- 10 Japanese Satellite Earth Observation: Status and Policy Issues -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Development of National Satellite Earth Observation Programs. 10.3 Development of Earth Observation Products and Applications -- 10.4 Conclusions -- References -- International Initiatives and Studies -- 11 The New 10-Year GEOSS Strategy for 2016 and Beyond -- 11.1 Introduction to GEO and GEOSS -- 11.2 GEO Strategic Plan 2016-2025: Implementing GEOSS -- 11.2.1 Societal Challenges and Opportunities -- 11.2.2 Stakeholder Engagement -- 11.2.3 Core Functions -- 11.2.4 Implementation Mechanisms -- 11.2.5 Governance Structure -- 11.3 Moving Forward -- 12 The Value of Global Earth Observations -- References -- 13 Earth Observation Support to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change: The Example of REDD+ -- 13.1 Background -- 13.2 GFOI Goals and Objectives -- 13.3 Achievements and Challenges -- 13.3.1 Data Coordination -- 13.3.2 Methods & -- Guidance Documentation -- 13.3.3 Capacity Building -- 13.3.4 Research and Development Coordination -- 13.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 14 Quantitative Assessment of the Earth Observation Data and Methods Used to Generate Reference Emission Levels for REDD+ -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.1.1 REDD+ Forest Reference Emission Levels and Baselines -- 14.1.2 Objectives -- 14.2 Methods -- 14.2.1 Data -- 14.2.2 Metrics -- 14.2.3 Comparison of Metric Values at National/Subnational and Project Levels -- 14.2.4 Relationship Between Earth Observation Data Quality/Quantity and Methods Used for FREL/Baseline Generation -- 14.3 Results -- 14.3.1 Quality/Quantity of Earth Observation Data Used -- 14.3.2 Comparison of Metric Values at National/Subnational and Project Levels -- 14.3.3 Relationship Between Earth Observation Data Quality/Quantity and Methods Used for FREL/Baseline Generation -- 14.4 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 15 Evaluation of Space Programs: Select Findings from the OECD Space Forum -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 What Do We Want to Evaluate?. 15.2.1 Space Programs -- 15.2.2 Space Applications -- 15.2.3 Space Infrastructure -- 15.3 Tracing Benefits to Satellites -- 15.4 The Way Forward -- References -- Prospects and Conclusions -- 16 Integrating Earth Observation Systems and International Environmental Regimes -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Why Focus on Institutional Complexes? -- 16.3 The Earth Observation Environmental Regime Complex -- 16.3.1 Scope of Activities in Focus -- 16.3.2 Boundaries of the Earth Observation Environmental Regime Complex -- 16.4 Integrating the Earth Observation Environmental Regime Complex -- 16.4.1 Information -- 16.4.2 Assistance -- 16.4.3 Compliance -- 16.5 Organizational Issues -- 16.5.1 An Earth Observation Environmental Data Forum -- 16.5.2 Terms of Engagement -- 16.6 Impacts on Earth Observation Sustainability -- 16.6.1 Economic Viability -- 16.6.2 Environmental Sustainability -- 16.6.3 Normative or Ethical Concerns -- 16.7 Conclusion -- References -- 17 Conclusion -- 17.1 Key Findings -- 17.2 Assessment Methodologies -- 17.2.1 Literature-Based Analysis -- 17.2.2 Economic Analysis -- 17.3 Perspectives on the Benefits of Earth Observations for Society and Policy -- 17.4 A Model of Earth Observation for Society and Policy, and Lessons for Japan -- References -- 18 Erratum to: Quantitative Assessment of the Earth Observation Data and Methods Used to Generate Reference Emission Levels for REDD+ -- Erratum to:& -- #6 -- Chapter 14 in: M. Onoda and O.R. Young (eds.), Satellite Earth Observations and Their Impact on Society and Policy, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3713-9_14 -- Glossary.
9789811037139
Electronic books.
GE1-350